Hypertension

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. This can damage blood vessels and lead to severe health issues over time. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and recorded as two numbers: systolic pressure (the higher number) and diastolic pressure (the lower number). A reading of 130/80 mm Hg or higher is generally considered hypertension.

Hypertension is often called a "silent killer" because it typically has no noticeable symptoms until it causes significant health problems such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, or vision loss. Risk factors include age, genetics, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet (especially high salt intake), excessive alcohol consumption, and stress. Conditions like diabetes and high cholesterol can also contribute.

Diagnosis is made through regular blood pressure monitoring. Management involves lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, reducing salt intake, limiting alcohol, and avoiding tobacco use. Medications may also be prescribed to help lower blood pressure.